Wicaksono Danu

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Pola:

S+had+V3

Penggunaan

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau,biasanya ada dua atau lebih kegiatan yang beriringan.

1.The past perfect is used to indicate.

1. An action that happened before another action in the past.

There usually are two actions in the sentence.

Example1:

v John had gone to the store before he went home.

v Jack told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970.

Pola di atas menjadi :

v John went home after he had gone to the store.

S+V2 + after + S + had + V3

v Before john went home,he had gone to the store.

Before+S + V2 + S + had + V3

v After john had gone to the store.He went home.

After+ S + had + V3 + S + V2

Example2:

Fini had gone to the store before she went home.

S1+ Past perfect+ before + S2 + S + past simple

Before fini went to campus, she had had her breakfast.

Before + S1 + simple past + S2 + simple perfect

After fini had had her breakfast,she went to campus.

After+ S1 + past perfect + S2 + simple past

Fini went to campus after she had had her breakfast.

S1 + simple past + after + S2 + simple perfect

2. A state which continued for a time in the past,but stopped before now.

v Abdu had lived in new York for ten years before he moved to California.

Past perfect progressive(Continous) : for category 1 of past perfect only,we can use the past perfect continous.

Pola :

S + had + been + Ving+..

Penggunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai sebelum waktu pembicaraan pada waktu lampau dan berjalan terus sampai waktu itu atau baru saja selesai sebelum orang itu berbicara.

v Maka kalimatnya akan menjadi :

Abdu had been living in new York for ten years before he moved to California.

3)Exercise

1.The policeman read the suspect his right after he had arrested

(Arrest) him.

2. After john have wash (wash) his clothes.He began to study.

3. John had lived (live) in Miami for one years when his parents came

to visit.

4. The car flipped (flip) ten times before it canded on its roof.

5. George had waited (wait) for one hour before the bus came.